INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney failure may negatively affect child’s growth, bone strength and nervous system. Kidneys are the filter for the human body; when they do not function properly, too much waste that should be filtered can build up. Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for a small number of patients with end-stage renal disease. Over the past twenty years, medical and technological advances have made massive improvements seen in survival for both children and graft after kidney transplantation, which is the first choice of renal replacement therapy in pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease. METHOD: The data for the thesis were collected by searching through the available literature databases, such as Scopus, Medline, Embasa, Hrčak, PubMed and Researchgate. The inclusion criterion was the literature related to kidney transplantation in children, while the exclusion criterion was the literature older than 10 years. OUTLINE: When kidney disease develops to a stage where renal replacement therapy is needed, the multidisciplinary team begins to consider kidney transplantation. In children, however, dialysis may be required prior to transplantation to optimize nutritional and metabolic conditions and to stabilize the child while waiting for an appropriate donor. Kidney transplantation eliminates the need for dialysis, which means that the child, following some restrictions and guidelines, can live a normal life just like his healthy peers. The transplant process is very complex and it requires the involvement of a multidisciplinary team. Upon completion of the surgery, the child is moved to a pediatric intensive care unit, where special attention should be paid to fluid balance, electrolyte disturbances and blood pressure control. CONCLUSION: Kidney transplantation provided children diagnosed with end-stage renal disease with an opportunity to recover and live a new, disease-free life. During the surgery and afterwards, various complications may appear, which significantly affect the course of the treatment and the child’s recovery. A nurse is a part of the multidisciplinary team caring for the child who needs a kidney transplant, which is why it is important that she has specific knowledge and skills to provide the child with adequate health care, identify possible complications on time and perform interventions according to the doctor's prescription.