Introduction: As the life expectancy of the population increases, so does the incidence of malignant diseases. On the other hand, medical advances are causing a decrease in mortality rates, which leads to an increased number of patients receiving oncology treatment. This also increases the risk of developing emergency oncological conditions. Procedure: The literature for the preparation of this diploma paper was collected by searching the databases Google Scholar, Hrčak and PubMed. The search keywords were: oncology emergencies, malignancy, superior vena cava syndrome, spinal cord compression, febrile neutropenia, and palliative care. The most important determinant in the selection of an article was the date of publication. The articles are written in Croatian and English. Overview: Febrile neutropenia is one of the most common conditions associated with cancer treatment and chemotherapy. It requires hospital treatment with rapid administration of empirical antibiotics. The superior vena cava syndrome is manifested by facial oedema and the development of collateral venous circulation. Intravascular stent placement leads to rapid withdrawal of symptoms, and is administered in addition to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Malignant spinal cord compression occurs due to the pressure of a tumour or a metastasis to the spine. It requires the cooperation of a neurosurgeon and oncologist, and is most often treated with corticosteroids and / or surgery and radiation. Conclusion: Palliative care is represented as a part of a team approach when treating cancer patients and it begins immediately after a malignant diagnosis has been made. Emergency teams are guided by treatment algorithms that do not contribute to achieving the best possible quality of life for patients, which is why it is necessary to develop palliative care in order to fulfil the patient's last wish.