Introduction: Mental health, viewed within a broad definition of well - being, is essential to the overall welfare and development of the individual, as well as community and society. Childhood and adolescence are critical periods when it comes to the pathogenesis of mental disorders, suggesting the need to prevent and promote mental health in both children and adolescents. Procedures: Perform a systematic search and analysis of scientific literature, in order to describe the mental health medical care of children and adolescents, the importance of prevention, promotion, implementation of nursing interventions, and the need for education of employees working within educational institutions. Topic: The mental development of children is influenced by risk and protective factors. About 20 % of school-age children have mental health problems, and about 50 % of them are not recognized in time. Life events from the earliest age when the development of self-esteem and self-image begins, are important for the overall further development. If a person experiences a traumatic event in childhood, there are indications that point to the increased possibility of later difficulties. Adolescence brings a multitude of changes; cognitive, physical, social and emotional, and requires a multitude of adjustments and new roles in which peer influence, risky behaviors, media influence, and the influence of current world events is strengthened. Mental health care of children and young people is organized at the levels of prevention and improvement of the overall mental health, as well as early detection and rehabilitation of mental disorders. Conclusion: The nurse /technician works at all levels of mental health care of children and adolescents; therefore, as an equal member of a multidisciplinary team is of great importance in health care improvement. Nurse /technician interventions focus on nursing diagnoses and destigmatization of the omnipresent stigma regarding mental health issues. It is necessary to educate the employees who are part of educational institutions so that they can recognize the problems and provide first aid.