Introduction: About 70 years ago we encounter the first research on tissue stem cells. Back then scientists found that the bone marrow contains different types of cells. For the past fifty years haematopoietic tissue cell transplantation therapy has been used. Tissue stem cells from umbilical cord blood are used in the treatment of haematological and non-haematological diseases. Procedures: In this paper, the professional literature of foreign and domestic authors, published in the period from 2015 to 2020, is researched. Papers published before the given timeframe were taken into consideration, too. Topic: The haematopoietic system consists of bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. The blood cell is characterized by three basic characteristics: the high possibility of self-renewal, the possibility of multiline differentiation and the possibility of revitalization of long-term haematopoiesis. Stem cells have the ability of replacing some other cells in the body and repairing damaged tissue, and therefore have the task of renewing and repairing damaged tissue cells. We find an exceptional number of haematopoietic stem cells in the umbilical cord and placenta. Umbilical cord blood stem cells can be used in the treatment of various malignant diseases, blood diseases and many other serious diseases that destroy the bone marrow. Donation of umbilical cord blood to a public bank gives the opportunity to all those who need a transplant to receive tissue from a suitable donor. Conclusion: People suffering from various malignant diseases of blood cells and many other serious diseases are in a situation where there is a possibility of a cure using stem cells from umbilical cord blood. Precisely because of this situation, it is important for nurses to inform the public and encourage health research to increase existing knowledge, and to provide patients with comprehensive nursing care to the best of their knowledge, skills and ability.