Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic is a disease based on a sudden deterioration of the respiratory status. Patients are not in the slightest able to tolerate the lack of oxygen levels, which can have the cause-and-effect of leading to the need for mechanical ventilation. Care for such patients is highly specific, requires good knowledge of mechanical ventilation and its use, as well as a very good assessment of the clinical condition of patients. Procedures. Books in the field of intensive care found at The National and University Library in Zagreb, as well as medical journals and portals found by using Google Scholar, PubMed, and others in the period from 2005 to 2021, were used in this thesis. Topic outline. Patients suffering from COVID-19 in the stage of disease exacerbation can very often require mechanical ventilation. In its application the most important aspect is to identify which mode of mechanical ventilation suits the patient the most, the state of the patient's consciousness, and the response to the application of mechanical ventilation. Nursing care includes patient's condition assessment and 24-hour care, as well as taking care of patients with tracheostomy if not able to be separated from mechanical ventilation. Conclusion. Given that the patients suffering from COVID-19 disease are seriously ill patients, looking after such patients requires appropriate care, timely recognition of oxygen deficiency complications, and use of mechanical ventilation when there are no other suitable options available for oxygen replenishment. Nursing care includes a series of procedures that include 24-hour supervision, nursing care, administering medication, recognition of deterioration of the patient’s general condition, and a great number of challenges that nurses often face in their work.