INTRODUCTION: Modern world diseases are chronic non-communicable diseases. They rarely come as separate entities, but more likely as sets of symptoms that negatively affect organ systems. Regardless of the area of involvement, they lead to comorbidities and premature death through prolonged impact on the human body. PROCEDURES: The evidence presented in the thesis is part of the online medical bibliographic database, which is searched by keywords corresponding to the topic of chronic non- communicable diseases. TOPIC REVIEW: Involuntary long-term exposure to risk factors leads to the development of chronic diseases. Such factors include stress, physical inactivity, poor diet rich in sugar and saturated fatty acids, alcohol intake, tobacco addiction and insufficient sleep. Genetic predisposition cannot be influenced, but the development of comorbidities can be prevented by adjusting life routines. The topic emphasizes physical activity as the primary means of preventing the development of diseases, especially when it also includes healthy eating habits. This reduces the number of people suffering from cardiovascular, locomotor system, and metabolic diseases, as well as those with mental disorders, affecting the quality of life in old age. CONCLUSION: The main goal is to prevent or delay the development of disease and reduce pain. It is achieved by incorporating physical activities into the daily routine, with an emphasis on adjusting exercises to the individual’s condition. Physiotherapists help patients to engage in physical activities through a motivational interview, which may become a new preventive procedure in the future due to its effectiveness. Thirty minutes of activity per day is better than not being active at all, while remarkable improvement is seen when physical activity is present in moderation or high intensity.