Introduction: A baby born before the full 37 weeks of pregnancy is considered premature. Premature birth can occur if there are malformations of the uterus or placenta, but also diseases of the mother that occur before or develop during the pregnancy. Due to the immaturity of organs and organ systems, various disorders may develop. Procedure: For this paper, the following databases were searched: PubMed, ProQuest and Hrčak, as well as scientific journals available on the Internet. Overview: HIE is a brain injury that occurs during pregnancy due to insufficient oxygen and circulatory disorders. To prevent infection, regular hand washing, early extubation and breastfeeding are recommended due to the content of numerous molecules that build immune function. Background control is performed if the premature baby is born before the 32nd week of pregnancy. The otoacoustic emission is necessary in case of the onset of infection, head malformations and ataxia at birth. The Bayley III scale controls cognition, language, motor skills, socio-emotional and adaptive domains. Motor impairment is manifested by muscle asymmetry, hypotension, hypertension, and the inability of a child to sit at eight months of age. CP is a permanent disorder of movement and posture development, the most common being spastic form. Intensive care includes monitoring, diagnostic processing, and treatment. Conclusion: The goal of NRT and Vojta therapy is to develop a proper postural pattern. They are manifested by an individual approach. Thus, there is a development of motor function abilities, intelligence, special attitude, and speech in children at high neurological risk.