Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus that affects the liver. There are more types of hepatitis, but hepatitis B is the most widespread virus in the world. It can be transferred in many different ways. In Croatia, as in many other developed countries of the world, the dominant way of disease transmission is through the sexual contact, while in under-developed countries the most common way of transmission is through the blood of the infected person. The aim of healing treatment is prevention of the multiplication of the virus and the most effective measure against HBV is the prevention. After the first contact with the virus, many persons cannot be healed spontaneously anymore. More than a million people die from an acute or chronical HBV infection yearly. Unfortunately, among them are children. It is exclusively transmitted from one person to another and it is successfully prevented by vaccination. In The Republic of Croatian vaccination against hepatitis B is obligatory in the calendar of the vaccination. Vaccines used for prevention of the hepatitis B virus are efficient and safe, which greatly reduced the number of diseased. With the vaccines against the virus hepatitis, people are efficiently protected from the hepatitis B infection, but unfortunately wide use of the vaccination for all the population members cannot be easily conducted, especially in poor countries. The role of a medical nurse in preventing the hepatitis B includes conduction of education measurements and obligatory vaccination and health education of all age groups. The nurse approach to the hepatitis B diseased patients requires great knowledge and skills, as well as the experience in order to help diseased people to ease their confrontation with the disease in an adequate way.