OBJECTIVES: The objective of this thesis was to determine the knowledge and opinions of parents of fifth-grade students about HPV infection and HPV vaccination according to different sociodemographic data. STUDY DESIGN: Cross – sectional research. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: The respondents were parents of fifth-grade students from five primary schools in the Brod-Posavina County. A total of 166 parents participated, including 139 women and 27 men. A 37-question survey was used for the research. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to examine differences among multiple independent variables, and the Mann-Whitney test was used to check differences between two independent variables. RESULTS: Most respondents, 48.8%, reported that they receive information about HPV vaccination from doctors, and 42.8% feel well informed. Regarding whom can be infected with HPV, 95.8% of respondents answered, "Both sexes", and 80.7% of parents correctly answered what HPV is. The highest level of agreement was found for the statement about the need for greater public information on HPV and vaccination, while the lowest disagreement was for the statement that the HPV vaccine encourages promiscuous behavior. Significant differences in knowledge were found concerning the level of education, with healthcare professionals having better knowledge. CONCLUSION: The research showed that the level of parental knowledge is high and depends on higher education levels and whether the parents are healthcare professionals. Most parents have a positive opinion about HPV vaccination, and the more knowledgeable they are, the more likely they are to decide to vaccinate their children. More public information on this issue is needed.